The argument that Jesus is a "copy" of pagan stories is a common claim among certain online communities, often rooted in the idea that the story of Jesus shares significant similarities with myths and religious traditions that predate Christianity. These proponents argue that elements of the Gospel narrative—such as the virgin birth, resurrection, miracles, and divine sonship—are recycled motifs found in older "pagan" religions. Here, "pagan" typically refers to religious systems that existed in the ancient Mediterranean and Near Eastern world, which were polytheistic and included a variety of gods and mythologies.
The Basic Argument:
The core of the argument is that Christianity and the life of Jesus are derivative of or influenced by these older religious myths, suggesting that early Christians borrowed or adapted these stories to form the narrative of Jesus' life and divinity. Critics of this view claim that Christianity is a syncretic religion, blending elements of various cultural and religious traditions into its own teachings.
Popular Takes on the "Jesus is a Copy of Pagan Stories" Argument:
Some argue that the story of Jesus shares key elements with earlier pagan myths. For instance, Jesus' virgin birth is compared to that of Horus (Egyptian), and Mithras (Persian). Similarly, Jesus' resurrection is said to parallel myths like Osiris (Egyptian) Adonis, and Dionysus (Greek), who undergoes death and resurrection. Jesus' miracles are often likened to those of Asclepius and Apollo (Greek). His crucifixion is compared to the death and resurrection of gods like Attis (Phrygian) and Mithras (Persian). Finally, the concept of Jesus as the Son of God is said to mirror figures like Horus (Egyptian) and Mithras (Persian). While these comparisons are popular, scholars caution that the similarities are often superficial or made up, with Christianity emerging from a distinct Jewish context.
Jesus vs. Horus
It’s often claimed that Jesus is a copy of the Egyptian god Horus, a theory popularized by films like Zeitgeist and Religulous, as well as books such as Christ in Egypt: The Horus-Jesus Connection by D.M. Murdock. These ideas have been heavily criticized by scholars like Bart Ehrman, Robert McGrath, and Richard Carrier, who argue that the Horus-Jesus connection is misleading and factually incorrect. Even some critics of Christianity, such as pagan authors, dismiss this comparison. There is No Evidence that Horus has any influence on Jesus.