Here are some records gathered from NOAA.') about the earthquakes that happened somewhere between AD 33 and 34 both in Jerusalem and other areas.
| Catalog / Author (Year) | Event Date | Location | Description / Notes | Magnitude / Intensity | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mallet (1858) | 33 AD | Bithynia and Palestine (Nicaea destroyed) | Reports destruction of the city of Nicaea | Not specified | One of the earliest earthquake catalog references |
| Milne (1911/1912) | 33 AD | Asia Minor, Bithynia, and Palestine | Strong enough to crack walls, break chimneys, and damage buildings | Intensity I | Suggests widespread regional effects |
| Willis (1928) | 33 AD | Bithynia and Judea (Jerusalem) | Published in Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America | Not specified | Foundational reference used by later catalogs |
| Sieberg (1932) | 33 AD | Jerusalem | Lists catastrophic earthquake | ML 8.2 | Later criticized as a gross exaggeration |
| Ben-Menahem (1979) | 33 AD | Jerusalem | Notes structures fortified against earthquakes (9 BC–50 AD) | ML 8.2 | Magnitude also considered exaggerated |
| Alsina (1988) | 33 AD | Palestine, Jerusalem | Lists earthquake event | Not specified | Catalog reference |
| Amiran et al. (1994) | 33 AD | Judea, Jerusalem | Describes slight earthquake; possible Temple damage | Slight | Published in Israel Exploration Journal |
| Guidoboni et al. (1994) | 33 AD | Jerusalem and Bithynia | Draws on Phlegon, Eusebius, Jerome, and Orosius | Not specified | Notes possible conflation with Bithynian earthquake and Gospel accounts |
| Ambraseys (2009) | 33 AD | Jerusalem / Bithynia | Critical evaluation of event | Not specified | Concludes Jerusalem event may be spurious or derived from Bithynia earthquake |
| NOAA / NCEI (Catalog Entry #8178) | 33 AD | Jerusalem | Reports darkness, tombs opening, and ground splitting | Not specified | Includes traditional historical description |
The records from NOAA and various historical accounts provide evidence of seismic activities in the regions of Bithynia, Palestine, and specifically Jerusalem around AD 33-34, coinciding with the period of the crucifixion. The documented earthquakes range in intensity from slight damages to the destruction of cities like Nisaea. The seismic event in Jerusalem, which is said to have caused damage to the Temple, aligns with biblical narratives and provides a geological context to historical and religious texts.