As a quick reminder, we aren't going deep into the signs and symbols yet because we are doing an overview of the full book before we continue.
Passages
C1 (4:1–8:1) [Second Septet] Seven Seals
Intro (4:1–5:14) Christ on His Throne
A (6:1–6:2) Seal 1 - The White Horse
B (6:3–6:4) Seal 2 - The Red Horse
C (6:5–6:6) Seal 3 - The Black Horse
D (6:7–6:8) Seal 4 - The Yellowish-Green Horse
E (6:9–6:11) Seal 5 - The Souls Under the Altar
F (6:12–6:17) Seal 6 - The Cosmic Earthquake
- Interlude (7:1–7:17) The 144,000 Jewish remnant and the innumerable multitude
G (8:1)Seal 7 - Silence in Heaven
C2′ (16:18–19:10) [Sixth Septet] Seven Condemnations of Babylon
Intro (16:18–16:21) The Harlot is no match for Christ
A(17:1–17:6) Judgment 1 - Blasphemy of the Harlot
B (17:7–17:18) Judgment 2 - Harlots Pagan Alliance
C (18:1–18:8) Judgment 3 - Spiritual fornications
D (18:9–18:20) Judgment 4 - Ungodly statist/commercial alliance
E (18:21–18:24) Judgment 5 - The finality of Babylon’s fall
F (19:1–19:4) Judgment 6 - All heaven agreeing with her judgment
G (19:5–19:10) Judgment 7- The death of the harlot is followed by the marriage of the Lamb
The Written Scroll (Front and Back)
For lesson 3, we learned that the vision of the scroll is taking place in heaven in the style of a courtroom and that Jesus is claiming His kingdom. With that setting in mind, we now move on to the actual scroll itself. John doesn't leave us guessing what this scroll is; he gives us three massive Old Testament clues to prove that this is a Covenant Document detailing God's laws.
Clue #1: The Format of the Scroll
1 And I saw in the right hand of Him who sat on the throne a scroll written inside and on the back, sealed with seven seals.
When John sees the scroll in he notes a very specific detail: it is written on the --inside and on the back--.
Discussion Question: Why is this detail so important?
Look at the very first Covenant document God gave to Israel:
15 And Moses turned and went down from the mountain, and the two tablets of the Testimony were in his hand. The tablets were written on both sides; on the one side and on the other they were written.
- When Moses came down the mountain with the tablets of the Testimony, the tablets "were written on --both sides--; on the one side and on the other they were written."
Clue #2: The Attendants of the Court
11 And I looked, and I heard as it were the voice of many angels, around the throne and the living beings and the elders. And their number was ten thousand times ten thousand and a thousand thousands,
- For the unsealing of this covenant scroll, John sees an innumerable host of --ten thousand times ten thousands-- of angels. Where have we seen this exact number of angels before?
2 And he said: “The LORD came from Sinai, And dawned on them from Seir; He shone forth from Mount Paran, And He came with ten thousands of saints; From His right hand Came a fiery law for them.
- When God gave the first covenant (the Law) at Mount Sinai, the Lord came with "--ten thousands of saints--".
Let's go back to last lesson where we learned John referenced this scene.
10 A fiery stream issued And came forth from before Him. A thousand thousands ministered to Him; Ten thousand times ten thousand stood before Him. The court was seated, And the books were opened.
- When Daniel saw the heavenly --courtroom-- seated for judgment, there were "ten thousand times ten thousand" standing before Him.
Clue #3: The Contents of the Scroll
9 Now when I looked, there was a hand stretched out to me; and behold, a scroll of a book was in it. 10 Then He spread it before me; and there was writing on the inside and on the outside, and written on it were lamentations and mourning and woe.
- When Ezekiel is told to read this covenant lawsuit against rebellious Israel, it was also written on front and back, it contained --lamentations, mourning, and woe--.
Just like Ezekiel's scroll, John's two-sided scroll contains the same woes and judgments!
The Fourfold Judgments of Moses
The scroll is a covenant document, and biblical covenants always contain two parts: Curses for rebellion and blessings/inheritances for obedience. John notes that the scroll is written on the front and the back. As the seals are broken on the outside, the curses are unleashed upon the covenant-breakers. But once the seals are fully removed, the scroll is opened to reveal the inside—the ultimate blessings, the inheritance of the New Heavens and New Earth, and the vindication of God's people.
When John's scroll is opened, it unleashes the four horsemen, bringing sword, famine, pestilence, and wild beasts.
1 “Now it shall come to pass, if you diligently obey the voice of the LORD your God, to observe carefully all His commandments which I command you today, that the LORD your God will set you high above all nations of the earth. 2 And all these blessings shall come upon you and overtake you, because you obey the voice of the LORD your God: 3 “Blessed shall you be in the city, and blessed shall you be in the country. 4 “Blessed shall be the fruit of your body, the produce of your ground and the increase of your herds, the increase of your cattle and the offspring of your flocks. 5 “Blessed shall be your basket and your kneading bowl. 6 “Blessed shall you be when you come in, and blessed shall you be when you go out. 7 “The LORD will cause your enemies who rise against you to be defeated before your face; they shall come out against you one way and flee before you seven ways. 8 “The LORD will command the blessing on you in your storehouses and in all to which you set your hand, and He will bless you in the land which the LORD your God is giving you. 9 “The LORD will establish you as a holy people to Himself, just as He has sworn to you, if you keep the commandments of the LORD your God and walk in His ways. 10 Then all peoples of the earth shall see that you are called by the name of the LORD, and they shall be afraid of you. 11 And the LORD will grant you plenty of goods, in the fruit of your body, in the increase of your livestock, and in the produce of your ground, in the land of which the LORD swore to your fathers to give you. 12 The LORD will open to you His good treasure, the heavens, to give the rain to your land in its season, and to bless all the work of your hand. You shall lend to many nations, but you shall not borrow. 13 And the LORD will make you the head and not the tail; you shall be above only, and not be beneath, if you heed the commandments of the LORD your God, which I command you today, and are careful to observe them. 14 So you shall not turn aside from any of the words which I command you this day, to the right or the left, to go after other gods to serve them.
The blessings take up 14 verses, while the curses take up 54 verses. The weight of the document is heavily skewed toward the "lamentations, mourning, and woe" that Ezekiel and John witness when the covenant is violated.
| Covenant Aspect | Torah Foundation | The Song of Moses | Ezekiel | Revelation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Title Deed / Blessings | Deuteronomy 28:1–14 Elevated above nations (v. 1) Blessed in city/country (v. 3) Fertility of body/ground (v. 4, 11) Defeat of enemies (v. 7) Opened heavenly treasures (v. 12) Head and not the tail (v. 13) | Deuteronomy 32:7–14 "Remember the days of old" (v. 7) Given inheritance of nations (v. 8) Kept as apple of His eye (v. 10) Fed honey out of the rock and finest wheat (v. 13–14) | Ezekiel 2:10 / 3:3 "It was in my mouth like honey for sweetness." (3:3) | Revelation 5:1 "A scroll written inside..." |
| The Lawsuit / Curses | Leviticus 26:18–28 "I will punish you seven times more for your sins..." (v. 18) "I will increase the plague on you seven times..." (v. 21) "I will strike you seven times for your sins..." (v. 24) "I will punish you seven times for your sins..." (v. 28) | Deuteronomy 32:19–22 "And when the Lord saw it, He spurned them..." (v. 19) "I will hide My face from them..." (v. 20) "For a fire is kindled by My anger, and shall burn to the lowest hell" (v. 22) | Ezekiel 2:9–10 "A scroll of a book was in it... it was written on the inside and on the outside..." Written on it were "lamentations and mourning and woe." | Revelation 5:1 & 6:1 "A scroll written inside and on the back, sealed with seven seals." (5:1) Breaking seals releases judgments. |
| JUDGMENT 1: The Sword | Leviticus 26:25 "And I will bring upon you a sword, avenging punishment of covenant." | Deuteronomy 32:25 "Outside the sword shall bereave, and in the chambers terror..." | Ezekiel 5:12 "...and a fourth part of you shall fall by the broadsword round about you..." | The Red Horse (Rev 6:4) "...and it was granted to the one who sat on it to take peace from the earth, and that people should kill one another; and there was given to him a great sword." |
| JUDGMENT 2: Famine | Leviticus 26:26 "When I cut off your supply of bread... you shall eat and not be satisfied." | Deuteronomy 32:24 "They shall be wasted with hunger..." | Ezekiel 5:12 "...and a fourth part of you shall be finished off by famine in your midst..." | The Black Horse (Rev 6:5–6) "A quart of wheat for a denarius, and three quarts of barley for a denarius; and do not harm the oil and the wine." |
| JUDGMENT 3: Pestilence / Plague | Leviticus 26:25 / Deut 28:21 "I will send pestilence among you..." (Lev 26:25) "The Lord will make the pestilence cling to you..." (Deut 28:21) | Deuteronomy 32:24 "...devoured by burning plague and bitter destruction." | Ezekiel 5:12 "The fourth part of you shall be consumed by plague..." | The Pale Horse (Rev 6:8) "And look, a pale horse. And the name of him who sat on it was Death... given authority... to kill with... plague." |
| JUDGMENT 4: Wild Beasts | Leviticus 26:22 "I will let loose wild beasts among you, which shall rob you of your children." | Deuteronomy 32:24 "I will also send against them the teeth of beasts, with the poison of crawling things of the dust." | Ezekiel 14:21 "How much more when I send My four severe judgments against Jerusalem—sword, famine, wild beasts, and pestilence—" | The Pale Horse (Rev 6:8) "And power was given to them over a fourth of the earth, to kill with sword, with hunger, with death, and by the wild beasts of the earth." |
| Ezekiel explicitly calls them "my four disastrous acts of judgment, sword, famine, wild beasts, and pestilence, to cut off from it man and beast" and this is what John sees the scroll unleashed. |
Discussion Question: "If the scroll contains the kingdom inheritance, why does breaking its seals unleash judgements on Babylon?"
Connecting C1 & C2
The Seven Seals (in the first half of the book) and the Seven Condemnations of Babylon (in the second half of the book) are parallel sections because they are two parts of the exact same process. In C1 (The Seals), we see the start of the curses released, and the saints marked. In the mirror section, C2 (The Condemnations), the judgement is completed upon the city.
Discussion Question: Is reading about these judgments terrifying to you?
We will discover exactly who or what the mysterious city of Babylon in a later lesson, but I want to point your attention elsewhere and ask.
Why the interlude?
The Sealing in the Seals (C1)
Right when the judgments reach their terrifying climax at the Sixth Seal, God suddenly hits the pause button. Revelation 7 acts as an "interlude"— a calm before the storm, or the eye of the hurricane. God commands the angels of judgment to stop everything.
1 And after this I saw four angels standing on the four corners of the land, holding the four winds of the land, so that no wind should blow upon the land, nor on the sea, nor on any tree.
2 And I saw another angel ascending from the sun’s rising, having the seal of the Living God. And he cried out with a loud voice to the four angels, to whom it had been granted to harm the land and the sea, 3 saying: “Do not harm the land, nor the sea nor the trees, until we have sealed the slaves of our God on their foreheads.” 4 And I heard the number of those who were sealed, one hundred and forty four thousand, sealed out of every tribe of the sons of Israel:
- An angel cried out, "Do not harm the earth, the sea, or the trees till we have --*sealed-- the servants of our God on their --foreheads --."
Let's dive into the Old Testament to learn more!
The Escape from Sodom
23 And Abraham came near and said, “Would You also destroy the righteous with the wicked? 24 Suppose there were fifty righteous within the city; would You also destroy the place and not spare it for the fifty righteous that were in it? 25 Far be it from You to do such a thing as this, to slay the righteous with the wicked, so that the righteous should be as the wicked; far be it from You! Shall not the Judge of all the earth do right?” 26 So the LORD said, “If I find in Sodom fifty righteous within the city, then I will spare all the place for their sakes.”
- The LORD will --spare-- a city for the sake of His people.
Before Abraham even prays, God already sent two angels to save Lot:
And while he lingered, the men took hold of his hand, his wife’s hand, and the hands of his two daughters, the Lord being merciful to him, and they brought him out and set him outside the city. So it came to pass, when they had brought them outside, that he said, “Escape for your life! Do not look behind you nor stay anywhere in the plain. Escape to the mountains, lest you be destroyed.”
- The Angel told Lot to escape for his --life-- or be --destroyed--
Hurry, escape there. For I cannot do anything until you arrive there.” Therefore the name of the city was called Zoar.
- The angel cannot do --anything-- until Lot escaped."
6 and turning the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah into ashes, condemned them to destruction, making them an example to those who afterward would live ungodly; 7 and delivered righteous Lot, who was oppressed by the filthy conduct of the wicked 8 (for that righteous man, dwelling among them, tormented his righteous soul from day to day by seeing and hearing their lawless deeds)— 9 then the Lord knows how to deliver the godly out of temptations and to reserve the unjust under punishment for the day of judgment,
- God's judgment upon a wicked city cannot proceed until His people are safely --delivered-- out of it.
Likewise as it was also in the days of Lot: They ate, they drank, they bought, they sold, they planted, they built; but on the day that Lot went out of Sodom it rained fire and brimstone from heaven and destroyed them all.
- Jesus said, "Likewise as it was in the days of Lot... on the day that Lot went out of Sodom it rained --fire-- and --brimstone-- from heaven and destroyed them all."
“But when you see Jerusalem surrounded by armies, then know that its desolation is near. Then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains, let those who are in the midst of her depart, and let not those who are in the country enter her.
- Jesus tells his people to --flee-- Jerusalem when it is surrounded by --armies--, and this was the sign of its --desolation--.
Just as Lot was called out of Sodom, and the disciples were told to flee Jerusalem, God issues a final warning to His people right before Babylon falls in the mirror section.
4 And I heard another Voice from heaven saying: “Come out of her, my people, so as not to participate in her sins and so as not to receive of her plagues.
- Gods people are commanded to come --out-- lest they share in the judgements of the --sins--, and --plagues--.'"
Discussion Question: Why does God demand that His people physically "come out" or "flee" instead of just protecting them miraculously right where they are sitting? What does this teach us about the nature of obedience?
The Exodus
4 Then Moses said, “Thus says the LORD: ‘About midnight I will go out into the midst of Egypt; 5 and all the firstborn in the land of Egypt shall die, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sits on his throne, even to the firstborn of the female servant who is behind the handmill, and all the firstborn of the animals. 6 Then there shall be a great cry throughout all the land of Egypt, such as was not like it before, nor shall be like it again. 7 But against none of the children of Israel shall a dog move its tongue, against man or beast, that you may know that the LORD does make a difference between the Egyptians and Israel.’
- When judgement came down on Egypt, He promised to --protect-- His people.
7 And they shall take some of the blood and put it on the two doorposts and on the lintel of the houses where they eat it.
- To be saved, Israel was commanded to put the blood on the two --doorposts-- and on the --lintel-- of the houses.
13 Now the blood shall be a sign for you on the houses where you are. And when I see the blood, I will pass over you; and the plague shall not be on you to destroy you when I strike the land of Egypt.
- The blood would be a --sign-- upon the houses, and when the LORD saw the blood He would --pass-- over them.
23 For the LORD will pass through to strike the Egyptians; and when He sees the blood on the lintel and on the two doorposts, the LORD will pass over the door and not allow the destroyer to come into your houses to strike you.
- The LORD would not allow the destroyer to enter the houses marked by the --blood--.
24 And you shall observe this thing as an ordinance for you and your sons forever. 25 It will come to pass when you come to the land which the LORD will give you, just as He promised, that you shall keep this service. 26 And it shall be, when your children say to you, ‘What do you mean by this service?’ 27 that you shall say, ‘It is the Passover sacrifice of the LORD, who passed over the houses of the children of Israel in Egypt when He struck the Egyptians and delivered our households.’ ” So the people bowed their heads and worshiped.
- Israel was to remember that the --Passover-- sacrifice protects His people during judgement.
1 Then the LORD spoke to Moses, saying, 2 “Consecrate to Me all the firstborn, whatever opens the womb among the children of Israel, both of man and beast; it is Mine.” 3 And Moses said to the people: “Remember this day in which you went out of Egypt, out of the house of bondage; for by strength of hand the LORD brought you out of this place. No leavened bread shall be eaten. 4 On this day you are going out, in the month Abib. 5 And it shall be, when the LORD brings you into the land of the Canaanites and the Hittites and the Amorites and the Hivites and the Jebusites, which He swore to your fathers to give you, a land flowing with milk and honey, that you shall keep this service in this month. 6 Seven days you shall eat unleavened bread, and on the seventh day there shall be a feast to the LORD. 7 Unleavened bread shall be eaten seven days. And no leavened bread shall be seen among you, nor shall leaven be seen among you in all your quarters. 8 And you shall tell your son in that day, saying, ‘This is done because of what the LORD did for me when I came up from Egypt.’ 9 It shall be as a sign to you on your hand and as a memorial between your eyes, that the LORD’s law may be in your mouth; for with a strong hand the LORD has brought you out of Egypt. 10 You shall therefore keep this ordinance in its season from year to year.
- Israel kept laws and commands that would be a sign on their --hand-- and as a memorial between their --eye--, even proclaim His law with their --mouth--
1 “Now this is the commandment, and these are the statutes and judgments which the LORD your God has commanded to teach you, that you may observe them in the land which you are crossing over to possess, 2 that you may fear the LORD your God, to keep all His statutes and His commandments which I command you, you and your son and your grandson, all the days of your life, and that your days may be prolonged. 3 Therefore hear, O Israel, and be careful to observe it, that it may be well with you, and that you may multiply greatly as the LORD God of your fathers has promised you— ‘a land flowing with milk and honey.’ 4 “Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God, the LORD is one! 5 You shall love the LORD your God with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your strength. 6 “And these words which I command you today shall be in your heart. 7 You shall teach them diligently to your children, and shall talk of them when you sit in your house, when you walk by the way, when you lie down, and when you rise up. 8 You shall bind them as a sign on your hand, and they shall be as frontlets between your eyes. 9 You shall write them on the doorposts of your house and on your gates.
- Gods laws shall be in our --hearts-- and a sign on our --hand--, and in between our --eyes--."
Generations later, when Israel would be under their own judgement, we read about what God commands His angels.
4 and the LORD said to him, “Go through the midst of the city, through the midst of Jerusalem, and put a mark on the foreheads of the men who sigh and cry over all the abominations that are done within it.”
- The Angels put a --mark-- on the foreheads of the men who --sigh-- and --cry-- over all the abominations that are done within Jerusalem."
This is just like we read about how Lot was acting when Sodom fell.
5 To the others He said in my hearing, “Go after him through the city and kill; do not let your eye spare, nor have any pity. 6 Utterly slay old and young men, maidens and little children and women; but do not come near anyone on whom is the mark; and begin at My sanctuary.” So they began with the elders who were before the temple.
- God commanded that when executioners went through the city, not to come near anyone on whom is the --mark--.
Discussion Question: After tracking Sodom, Ezekiel's vision, and Jesus' warnings, what is the clear purpose of God "sealing" or "marking" His people on the forehead?
Discussion Question: We love to talk about the mark of the Beast, but why do we not talk about the mark of God?
The Call to Exit Babylon (C2)
Just as the angels in Genesis could not destroy Sodom until Lot was out, the angels in Revelation 7 are commanded: "Do not harm the earth, nor the sea nor the trees, until we have sealed the slaves of our God on their foreheads". The 144,000 sealed Jewish believers represent the "Lot" or righteous of that judgement. Jesus commanded them to flee the city to the mountains the moment they saw Jerusalem surrounded by armies.
The Apostle Paul also tied this exact Jewish remnant of His own day to the Sodom story, quoting Isaiah in Romans 9:29: "Unless the LORD of Sabaoth had left us a seed [the remnant], we would have become like Sodom, and we would have been made like Gomorrah".
Later on when we get into the judgments unfolding, John sees this group again in the 2nd interlude.
1 And behold, I saw a Lamb standing on Mount Zion, and with Him one hundred and forty-four thousand, having His name and His Father’s name written on their foreheads
- John looks and sees the Lamb standing on Mount Zion, and with Him 144,000 having His Father's --name-- written on their --foreheads--.
Protected vs. Martyred
So Jesus was able to save them! Now, I was originally planning on ending the lesson right here. I thought it was pretty cool to leave on this triumphant message of hope—this picture of supernatural protection where God hits the pause button on the universe just to ensure His people are safe.
But before we wrap up today, we have to look at one of the most unsettling contrasts in the entire Book of Revelation. Before the interlude of the 144,000, John already saw the cry of those that had already been killed.
9 And when He opened the fifth seal I saw underneath the altar the souls of the people who had been slaughtered on account of the Word of God and on account of the testimony of the Lamb which they held. 10 And they cried out with a loud voice saying: “How long, O Sovereign, Holy and True, until You judge and avenge our blood on those who dwell on the land?” 11 So a white robe was given to each of them, and they were told that they should rest a while longer, until both their fellow slaves and their brothers, who were about to be killed just like they were, should complete the number.
In Lesson 1, I told you Jesus explicitly foretold persecution so that when the time came, His followers would remember. It's recorded throughout the Bible and history how much persecution has affected the church. Right after John sees the 144,000 sealed and supernaturally protected from physical death on earth, he looks back up into heaven. And what he sees next is not a group that was spared from suffering, but a massive, uncountable multitude of believers who did die—they were brutally martyred during the Great Tribulation.
9 After these things I looked, and behold, a great multitude that no one could number, from all ethnic nations and tribes and peoples and languages, standing before the Throne and before the Lamb, clothed with white robes and having palm branches in their hands. 10 And they shouted with a loud voice saying, “Salvation belongs to our God who sits on the throne, and by the Lamb!”
11 And all the angels stood around the Throne, and the elders and the four living beings, and they fell down before the Throne, on their faces, and worshipped God, 12 saying: “Amen! The blessing and the glory and the wisdom and the thanksgiving and the honor and the power and the strength to our God for ever and ever! Amen.”
13 And one of the elders reacted, saying to me, “Who are these that are clothed in the white robes, and where did they come from?” 14 So I said to him, “My lord, you know”. So he said to me: “These are those who come out of the Great Tribulation—they washed their robes and made them white in the blood of the Lamb. 15 Therefore they are before the throne of God, and they serve Him day and night in His sanctuary. And He who sits on the throne will shelter them. 16 They shall not hunger anymore, nor thirst anymore; the sun will absolutely not strike them, nor any heat; 17 because the Lamb who is in the midst of the throne shepherds them and leads them to springs of waters of life. And God will wipe away every tear from their eyes.”
In the book of Hebrews the author lists heroes of faith who won miraculous victories:
- The Delivered: Those who through faith subdued kingdoms, stopped the mouths of lions, and escaped the edge of the sword (Hebrews 11:33-34).
But then immediately pivots to those who were tortured and killed, stating they all obtained a good testimony through faith.
- The Tortured: Those who through faith were stoned, sawn in two, and slain with the sword—of whom the world was not worthy (Hebrews 11:35-38).
We can see examples of both cases throughout the Bible. One that I thought of was when Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego were standing before Nebuchadnezzar before being tossed in a furnace for not worshipping the King, they tell:
17 If that is the case, our God whom we serve is able to deliver us from the burning fiery furnace, and He will deliver us from your hand, O king. 18 But if not, let it be known to you, O king, that we do not serve your gods, nor will we worship the gold image which you have set up.”
While the story ends well, they understood that God didn't have to save them, but they served Him anyways.
As much hope as the 144,000 being saved can bring us I have one last question for you.
Discussion Question Will you serve God if He doesn't save you physically from death?