Deuteronomy 32—the Song of Moses—functions as inspired commentary on the covenant curses, explicitly locating their fulfillment in the “latter days”.

The Invocation of "Heaven and Earth" as Witnesses In Deuteronomy 31:28–29, as Moses prepares for his death, he gathers the elders and officers to record a final, grim warning: "Evil will befall you in the latter days". To ensure this warning is preserved for the entire duration of the Jewish age, Moses establishes a symbolic witness by calling upon "heaven and earth" to record his words. By invoking "heaven and earth," Moses is functionally addressing the entirety of the Jewish system (See Heaven and Earth metaphors for more info.):

• The Heavens: Represent the rulers, kings, and authority figures of the nation. They are responsible for "lighting the way" for the people, much like the sun, moon, and stars in Joseph’s dream (Genesis 37) represented the heads of the house of Israel.
• The Earth: Represents the Jewish citizens, the common people, or the congregation of Israel.

The Prophecies of the Song of Moses (Deuteronomy 32) Following his legal warning, Moses delivers a song that outlines the trajectory of Israel’s relationship with God, urging the nation to consider their "latter end".

• Rebellion out of Prosperity: In Verses 3-6 God is portrayed as perfectly faithful, just, and righteous, while Israel is called “foolish and unwise” for failing to recognize their covenant blessings. In verses 15–18, Moses predicts that Israel (Jeshurun) will grow “fat and kicking.” Their prosperity and comfort will lead to pride and spiritual complacency, causing them to abandon God and turn to idolatry.
• Judgment by Fire and Foreign Nations: In verses 19–25, God's response to this betrayal is severe. Foreshadowing historical judgments like the Assyrian and Babylonian exiles, God promises to observe their sin and permit judgment through foreign nations. Moses prophesies that God will kindle a fire that will "consume the earth" (the people) and set ablaze the foundations of the mountains (the rulers of Israel).
• Void of Counsel: At the climax of this warning, Moses characterizes the people of the latter days as a nation "void of counsel". They will have absolutely no understanding in them, remaining completely blind to the reality of their impending destruction.

The Defeat and Corruption of Israel (Deuteronomy 32:30–33)

• Given Over to Defeat: Verses 30–31, Moses emphasizes that Israel's future military defeats will not be due to the strength of their enemies, but because God allowed them to be given over—their Rock "sold them" and gave them up for their disobedience.

  “How could one chase a thousand, and two put ten thousand to flight, unless their Rock had sold them, and the LORD had given them up? Indeed their rock is not like our Rock, even our enemies themselves judge this.”
  This corruption will be so glaring that even the surrounding idolatrous nations will recognize that something has gone fundamentally wrong with God's covenant people.

• The Vine of Sodom: Delivering the highest possible insult to a Jew, Moses compares the nation to Sodom and Gomorrah. What should have been life-giving fruit—justice, righteousness, and obedience—has instead become toxic and destructive. Described as bitter grapes of poison and serpent's venom, this rebellious Israel is predicted to ultimately shed the blood of God's faithful servants.

  “For their vine is from the vine of Sodom, and from the fields of Gomorrah; their grapes are grapes of poison, their clusters bitter… Their wine is the venom of serpents, and the deadly poison of cobras.”

Vengeance, Judgment, and Restoration (Deuteronomy 32:34–43)

• God's Righteous Vengeance: Because of this persistent sin and the murder of His servants, God promises to act decisively and judge Israel. Israel's rebellion places them in direct opposition to God, turning their former protector into an enemy who declares, "I will render vengeance on My adversaries". By allowing the consequences of their sin to fully manifest, God demonstrates His perfect justice to the nations.
• Ultimate Atonement: Even in the midst of this severe judgment, God's ultimate goal is redemptive restoration. The song concludes by showing that the nations and the faithful remnant will rejoice when God acts, because through this very vengeance, God will definitively atone for His land and His people.